A brick takes up more space in a wall than it does in your hand, and every order that ignores the difference comes in wrong. This brick calculator counts the mortar joint as part of the brick, because that is how a wall is actually built.
The joint is a quarter of your order
A standard modular brick has a face of 7 5/8 by 2 1/4 inches. Laid with a 3/8 inch joint, the space each one occupies is 8 by 2 2/3, or 0.148 square feet. That is 6.75 bricks per square foot, and it is where this page starts.
Measure the brick alone and you get 0.119 square feet, or 8.39 per square foot. On a 20 by 8 foot wall with one window, that is the difference between:
- Counting the joint: 1,078 bricks, about $809.
- Ignoring it: 1,340 bricks, about $1,005.
That is 24% over, roughly a quarter of the order and nearly $200 on a single garden wall. Scale it to a house elevation and it becomes a pallet you did not need.
Enter the wall, not a floor plan
The two measurements above are wall length and wall height: the face of the wall as you stand in front of it. A wall that turns a corner is easier to treat as two faces measured separately and added together.
Openings come off at about 21 square feet for a door and 15 for a window, and unlike paint, this deduction is worth making. Each window on that wall is roughly 111 bricks, about $83, so a wall with three or four of them will be badly over-ordered if you skip it.
Brick size changes everything
Modular is the default, not the only option, and larger units cover the same wall with far fewer pieces and far less laying time. On that same 20 by 8 wall:
- Modular, 6.75 per square foot: 1,078 bricks.
- Queen, 5.50 per square foot: 878.
- King, 4.55 per square foot: 726.
- Utility, 3.00 per square foot: 479.
Those rates come from the Brick Industry Association, Technical Note 10. Modular and utility are fixed sizes and the figures are exact. Queen and king are not: BIA defines both as size ranges, so a queen runs 5.50 to 5.76 per square foot and a king 4.55 to 4.80 depending on whose brick you buy. Measure the one in front of you before ordering a thousand of them.
Take the face dimensions off your own product, add 3/8 inch to each, multiply and divide by 144. Enter that as the coverage and the count follows.
Order the breakage in, and then keep it. Ten percent is the usual allowance and it is not really waste. Some goes on cuts at openings and corners, some on handling. What is left over matters most: brick from a later firing will not match, so the ones you keep on a pallet at the back are the ones that repair this wall in five years.
What this page does not count
Mortar, ties, lintels and reinforcement are separate quantities. As a planning figure, expect roughly 7 bags of 70 lb masonry cement and 0.6 cubic yards of sand per 1,000 bricks, mixed on site. Quikrete rates one bag with 240 pounds of sand at 144 standard bricks, which is where the 7 comes from, and the sand calculator will convert the sand to a delivery. Buy pre-blended mortar instead and the number is not close: Mason Mix lays 37 bricks to an 80 lb bag, so the same 1,000 bricks take 28 bags and no separate sand at all. The two products are four times apart, so check which one you are pricing.
A brick wall also needs a footing under it, sized and taken below the frost line, which the concrete calculator works out.
Brick calculator FAQ
About 6.75 for a standard modular brick laid with a 3/8 inch mortar joint, since each one occupies 0.148 square feet. Counting the brick without its joint gives 8.39 per square foot and over-orders by roughly a quarter.
About 1,078 modular bricks including a 10% allowance and one window taken off. Larger units need far fewer: the same wall takes 878 queen, 726 king or 479 utility bricks.
Yes, and it is the single biggest source of error. A modular brick faces 7 5/8 by 2 1/4 inches but occupies 8 by 2 2/3 once laid with a 3/8 inch joint. Ignoring that overstates an order by about 24%.
Ten percent covers cuts at openings and corners plus handling breakage. Keep the surplus rather than returning it, because brick from a later firing will not match the wall for future repairs.
